The goal is sentiment analysis -- accept the text of a movie review (such as, "This movie was a great waste of my time.") This article describes how to fine-tune a pretrained Transformer Architecture model for natural language processing. More specifically, this article explains how to fine-tune a condensed version of a pretrained BERT model to create binary classifier for a subset of the IMDB movie review dataset. The goal is sentiment analysis -- accept the text of a movie review (such as, "This movie was a great waste of my time.") You can think of a pretrained transformer architecture (TA) model as sort of an English language expert.

At first thought, computing the similarity/distance between two datasets sounds easy, but in fact the problem is extremely difficult, explains Dr. James McCaffrey of Microsoft Research. A fairly common sub-problem in many machine learning and data science scenarios is the need to compute the similarity (or difference or distance) between two datasets. For example, if you select a sample from a huge set of training data, you likely want to know how similar the sample dataset is to the source dataset. Or if you want to prime the training for a very deep neural network, you need to find an existing model that was trained using a dataset that is most similar to your new dataset. At first thought, computing the similarity/distance between two datasets sounds easy, but in fact the problem is extremely difficult. If you try to compare individual lines between datasets, you quickly run into the combinatorial explosion problem -- there are just too many comparisons.

When training data won't fit into machine memory, a streaming data loader using an internal memory buffer can help. Dr. James McCaffrey shows how, with full code samples. When using the PyTorch neural network library to create a machine learning prediction model, you must prepare the training data and write code to serve up the data in batches. In situations where the training data is too large to fit into machine memory, one approach is to write a data loader that streams the data using an internal memory buffer. This article shows you how to create a streaming data loader for large training data files.

Dr. James McCaffrey of Microsoft Research uses a full code program and screenshots to explain how to programmatically encode categorical data for use with a machine learning prediction model such as a neural network classification or regression system. This article explains how to programmatically encode categorical data for use with a machine learning (ML) prediction model such as a neural network classification or regression system. Suppose you are trying to predict voting behavior from a file of people data. Your data might include predictor variables like each person's sex (male or female) and region where they live (eastern, western, central), and a dependent variable to predict like political leaning (conservative, moderate, liberal). Neural networks are essentially complex math functions which work with numeric values. Therefore, categorical predictor variables and categorical dependent variables must be converted to a numeric form.

Turning his attention to the extremely time-consuming task of machine learning data preparation, Dr. James McCaffrey of Microsoft Research explains how to examine data files and how to identify and deal with missing data. Preparing data for use in a machine learning (ML) system is time consuming, tedious, and error prone. A reasonable rule of thumb is that data preparation requires at least 80 percent of the total time needed to create an ML system. There are three main phases of data preparation: cleaning, normalizing and encoding, and splitting. Each of the three main phases has several steps.

The data science doctor continues his exploration of techniques used to reduce the likelihood of model overfitting, caused by training a neural network for too many iterations. Regularization is a technique used to reduce the likelihood of neural network model overfitting. Model overfitting can occur when you train a neural network for too many iterations. This sometimes results in a situation where the trained neural network model predicts the output values for the training data very well, with little error and high accuracy, but when the trained model is applied to new, previously unseen data, the model predicts poorly. There are several forms of regularization.

An advantage of using a neural technique compared to a standard clustering technique is that neural techniques can handle non-numeric data by encoding that data. Anomaly detection, also called outlier detection, is the process of finding rare items in a dataset. Examples include finding fraudulent login events and fake news items. Take a look at the demo program in Figure 1. The demo examines a 1,000-item subset of the well-known MNIST (modified National Institute of Standards and Technology) dataset.

Neural network dropout is a technique that can be used during training. It is designed to reduce the likelihood of model overfitting. You can think of a neural network as a complex math equation that makes predictions. The behavior of a neural network is determined by the values of a set of constants, called weights (including special weights, called biases). The process of finding the values for the weights is called training the network.

Back-Propagation is the most common algorithm for training neural networks. Here's how to implement it in C#. Back-propagation is the most common algorithm used to train neural networks. There are many ways that back-propagation can be implemented. This article presents a code implementation, using C#, which closely mirrors the terminology and explanation of back-propagation given in the Wikipedia entry on the topic.